European markets subdued as most parts remain shut for Labor Day

European markets were subdued as many major bourses were closed for Labor Day. London’s FTSE 100 was down about 0.5% while the pound climbed to $1.36, its strongest level since mid-February. Key continental markets such as Germany’s DAX and France’s CAC were closed, limiting European liquidity and trading activity. FX showed modest moves (EUR/USD around 1.17), and U.S. large-cap names cited in the market snapshot (e.g., Nvidia) were showing material premarket moves, underscoring a muted, data-light European start to May. Overall the piece is descriptive market commentary highlighting limited European market action due to holiday closures and limited market drivers.